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Trees Around the GLOBE

Trees Around the GLOBE Student Research Campaign

Welcome to Year 6: 1 October 2023 - 30 September 2024

October 2023 began Year 6 of the Trees Around the GLOBE Student Research Campaign. With active campaign participants from, currently, 63 GLOBE countries, the campaign includes students, educators, citizen scientists, subject matter experts and scientists from six continents. The campaign focuses on tree height, with a close relationship with land cover, greenings (Spring green-up and Fall green-down) and the carbon cycle.

The theme for Year 6 is "Looking at Change Over Time and Aligning to the GLOBE Year of Climate and Carbon (YCC)." The goal is to help teachers guide students with their student research projects focusing on tree height, land cover, greenings (green-up/green-down) and carbon cycle, by showcasing how to use new and archived GLOBE data, online data tools and maps, and bringing together GLOBE schools for project collaboration for the 2024 GLOBE International Virtual Science Symposium. With the August 2023, and continuation to August 2024, release of the new GLOBE YCC, the campaign will align to the deeper understanding of climate that will be facilitated through data collection using GLOBE protocols as well as learning activities in and out of the classroom.

GLOBE will also continue its successful collaborative efforts among the campaigns (European Phenology Campaign, GLOBE Mission Mosquito and the Urban Heat Island Effect - Surface Temperature Intensive Observation Period) and where the campaign measurements and observations can overlap and provide participants with an amazing, cross-campaigns and robust dataset.

This video is a resource that can be used alongside student research or activities that involve creating and developing research questions. While the video focuses on questions about trees, the basic principles are necessary for asking scientific questions that lead to successful scientific research.

Looking at Change Over Time!

The image below is of Lake Mead. Lake Mead is a reservoir formed by the Hoover Dam on the Colorado River in the Southwestern United States. It is located in the states of Nevada and Arizona, 24 miles east of Las Vegas. The largest reservoir in the United States, it supplies water to millions of people across seven states, tribal lands and northern Mexico. It now also provides a stark illustration of climate change and a long-term drought that may be the worst in the U.S. West in 12 centuries.

Looking at this time-series of images of Lake Mead from the NASA/USGS Landsat 7 satellite (2000 image) and NASA/USGS Landsat 8 satellite (2021 and 2022), what has changed? From space, there appear to be some very large-scale changes, but ground observations can see small-scale, local environmental changes. This is why we need students, as part of the Trees Around the GLOBE Student Research Campaign, to take ground-based observations and through analysis, to make sense of these images in the real world.

In September 2017, Hurricane Maria's lashing rain and winds transformed Puerto Rico's lush tropical rainforest landscape. The extensive damage to Puerto Rico's forests had far-reaching effects. Fallen trees that no longer stabilize soil on slopes with their roots, as well as downed branches, can contribute to landslides and debris flows, increased erosion and poor water quality in streams and rivers where sediments build up.

The images below, both 2017 and 2018, are from the Goddard’s Lidar, Hyperspectral and Thermal (G-LiHT) Airborne Imager, a system designed to study the structure and species composition of forests. Shooting 600,000 laser pulses per second, G-LiHT produces a 3D view of the forest structure in high resolution, showing individual trees in high detail from the ground to treetop. In April 2018 (after Hurricane Maria), the team went back and surveyed the same tracks as in 2017 (before Hurricane Maria).

Looking at the picture below of the El Yunque National Forest in Puerto Rico from 2017 compared to 2018, what can be observed about the amount of trees in the forest before and after Hurricane Maria? What can be inferred about the tree heights and land cover before and after the catastrophic event?

One of the major focuses for this campaign is to have students take tree height, land cover, greenings and carbon cycle and use this data to develop research projects that focus on the environment in their local areas. This is in order to understand the larger picture of how our planet is changing over time.

The campaign also focuses on two major online tools for data analysis and comparison of GLOBE data to NASA satellite, airborne and instrument data for land cover and tree height, all in the context of understanding the planet's carbon cycle.

These online tools are:

Global Forest Canopy Height Tool: A 30-meter spatial resolution global forest canopy height map developed through the integration of the Global Ecosystem Dynamics Investigation lidar forest structure measurements and Landsat analysis-ready data time-series.

Global Land Cover Viewer Tool: A way to visualize global land cover change maps and statistics and easily navigate and compare between different areas or years.

Multi-Campaign Collaborations

The Trees Around the GLOBE Student Research Campaign is leveraging all the great things many of the other GLOBE campaigns are doing. These campaigns include the European Phenology Campaign (focusing on Green Up, Green Down and identification of trees and vegetation), Urban Heat Island Effect - Surface Temperature Field Campaign (focusing on surface temperatures in urban areas) and GLOBE Mission Mosquito (focusing on mosquito habitats, tree holes and eradicating these potentially dangerous insects carrying vector-borne disease). There are many parallel GLOBE protocol measurements and observations the Trees Around the GLOBE Student Research Campaign will highlight.

When measurements and observations are taken in a specific location, it is vital to know as many environmental variables as possible, so as to better understand the local environment.

For instance, when taking a tree height observation of a tree in a backyard, it is important to know what else is going on around that tree, environmentally. When taking the tree height, observe and take measurements of the land cover, surface temperature, observable mosquito habitats, air temperature, soil moisture and characterization, precipitation and others that you can measure with GLOBE Program protocols.

How can these measurements and observations benefit science and multiple GLOBE campaigns?

European Phenology Campaign

Campaign website: https://www.globe.gov/web/european-phenology-campaign
What is GLOBE asking members to observe and measure? Greenings (Green Up and Green Down) and Tree Identification.
What is GLOBE asking members to do? When taking a tree height measurement or observation, please take Greenings - Green Up or Green Down (depending on the season) and if possible, identify the genus and species of the observed tree. Learn about the Green Up and Green Down Protocols.
Why is GLOBE asking members to do this? Greenings (Green-Up and Green-Down) measurements help scientists validate satellite estimates of the beginning of the plant growing season in a particular location. By identifying the genus and species of a tree, members can add to the knowledge of global tree distribution.
*Note: Members do not need to be in Europe to take these observations. The Trees Around the GLOBE Student Research Campaign is all around the globe and members can take these measurements wherever they are.

Urban Heat Island Effect - Surface Temperature Field Campaign

Campaign website: https://www.globe.gov/web/surface-temperature-field-campaign
What is GLOBE asking members to observe and measure? Urban tree (shaded and non-shaded) surface temperature measurements.
What is GLOBE asking members to do? When taking a tree height measurement or observation, take a surface temperature measurement in: 1) the shaded surface under the tree being observed; and 2) the non-shaded area just outside the shaded area of the tree being observed. Learn about the Surface Temperature Protocol.
Why is GLOBE asking members to do this? Trees play a big role in keeping towns and cities cool, and the right amount of tree cover can lower summer daytime temperatures in areas shaded by trees.

GLOBE Mission Mosquito

Campaign website: https://www.globe.gov/web/mission-mosquito/overview
What is GLOBE asking members to observe and measure? Mosquito habitats and tree holes.
What is GLOBE asking members to do? When taking a tree height measurement or observation and there is a tree hole (a hole in a tree that can have standing water inside it and be a potential mosquito habitat) in the observed tree, take a Mosquito Habitat Observation. Learn about the Mosquito Habitat Protocol.
Why is GLOBE asking members to do this? Tree holes can contain stagnant water that could serve as a breeding ground for mosquitoes carrying potentially deadly diseases, such as Zika, dengue and malaria, among others.

To join the campaign, follow these steps:

Visit the Campaign Community Page, scroll down and click the "Join Community" link above the map.
For people who are new to GLOBE and have never taken any protocol measurements, complete the e-Trainings for the relevant protocols.
Start taking Biometry Tree Height measurements. Some guidelines for choosing trees to measure:
1. Trees measured should be at least 5 feet (1.52 meters) tall.
2. Trees measured should be isolated trees or the tallest trees in a large grouping of trees.
Decide which other Protocols to use to take local environmental measurements.
Start taking protocol measurements and submit them to GLOBE through the Data Entry Page.
Connect with GLOBE by attending the campaign webinars and engage in some discussions with other GLOBE schools, scientists, researchers and campaign teams.
Work with students to develop potential research projects using collected protocol measurement data and data from other GLOBE schools.
Collaborate with other GLOBE schools from around the world to strengthen the research experience, which could be part of the 2023 GLOBE International Virtual Science Symposium.
Begin or contribute to the campaign Discussion Forum.
Present your measurements and research at a future campaign webinar.
Just have fun learning all about the planet through GLOBE!
Download the Tree Height Measurement Tutorial slides

Prepare those clinometers and start measuring Trees Around the GLOBE!

For people who are not already a member of the GLOBE Community, click the Join GLOBE link and follow the registration instructions. Once registered, members will be able to start taking GLOBE protocol measurements.

Campaign History

The Trees Around the GLOBE Student Research Campaign began on 15 September 2018, in conjunction with NASA's ICESat-2 satellite launch on the same date at 6:02 a.m. PDT. This campaign is a student research campaign focusing on tree height — one of the measurements conducted by the ICESat-2 mission. Tree height is not just a measurement — it is a gateway to understanding many things about the environment. The structure of tree canopies, the 3D arrangement of individual trees, has a huge effect on how ecosystems function and cycle through carbon, water and nutrients.

In order to put the tree height measurements into context, GLOBE recommends students also take measurements of Land Cover Classification, Green Up / Green Down and Carbon Cycle. This will allow for data research comparisons among several GLOBE environmental measurements.

Students are also encouraged to take location baseline protocol measurements of their measurement locations. Some examples are: Air Temperature, Surface Temperature and Soil Temperature.

Check back on this campaign webpage to learn about upcoming webinars, live social media events and blogs related to this campaign!